Central business district (CBD)
The Central Business District is the focus of intra-city transport routes, having the maximum overall accessibility to most parts of urban area. It is characterized by peak land values and intense developments with high densities, the development usually being vertical rather than horizontal. Within the district, the shopping area is usually separated from the main office area and entertainment area. The central business district merges almost unnoticed into the surrounding transitional zone, but usually its boundaries are marked by public transport termini.

City
It is large than a town and having a population of 100,000 and above and serving as the primate center for services and function.

Community facilities
Facilities or services used by number of people in common including schools, health, recreation, police, fire, public transportation, community centre etc.

Community
The people living in a particular area/ region and usually linked by common interest, viz, namely the region itself or any population cluster.

Convenience
It is closely associated with the public interest and constitutes a third major basis for the exercise of control. It can be judged in terms of home-to-home, work, work-to-recreation, etc. relationships.

Convenience Shopping
A group of shops (not exceeding 50 in number) in a residential area, serving a population of about 5,000 persons.

Density
It is the ratio of persons, households or volume of building or development to some unit of land area.

Easement (Servitude)
A right in respect of an object (as land owned by one person) in virtue of which the object (Land) is subjected to a specified use or enjoyment by another person or for the benefit of another thing.

Exurbia
The area, surrounding a metropolitan area beyond the suburbs.

Fringe
The term fringe suggests a borderline case between the rural and urban, and actually lies on the periphery of urban areas, surrounding it and distinguished it from the truly countryside.

CENSUS DEFINITION
Source: Abstract from Census of India, General Population Tables, primary census , 1991
The basic unit for rural areas is revenue village, which has definite surveyed boundaries. The revenue village may comprise several hamlets, but the entire village has been treated as one unit .In un-surveyed areas like settlements within forest areas, each habitation area with locally recognised boundaries within each forest range officer's area was treated as one unit.

The following criteria were adopted for treating a place as urban in 1991 Census:
(a) All statutory towns i.e. all places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.
(b) All other places which satisfied the following criteria:

(i) A minimum population of 5,000
(ii) At least 70% of the male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
(iii) A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. (1000 per sq. mile)

Note:

A town with a population of one hundred thousand and above is generally referred to as a 'city'. The urban criteria of the 1981 and 1991 censuses varied slightly from that of the 1961 and 1971 censuses. The workers in occupations of forestry, fishing, livestock, hunting, logging, plantations and orchards etc. (falling in industrial category III) were treated as non- agricultural activities in 1961 and 1971 census whereas in 1981 and 1991 censuses, these activities have been treated as agricultural activities for the purpose of determining the male working population in non-agricultural pursuits.
The urbanised outgrowths of the cities and towns have also been treated as urban. In several areas around a core city or a statutory town fairly large well-recognised railway colony, university campus, port area, military camp etc, might have come up. Even id such places are lying outside the statutory limits
of the corporation, municipality or cantonment, etc, in most cases they fall within the revenue limits of
the village or villages, which is or are contiguous to the town. Since such areas are already urbanized, it is not considered realistic to treat such areas lying outside the statutory limits of a town as rural units, although a few of them may not satisfy some of the prescribed eligibility tests to qualify themselves as independent urban units. Such areas have been termed as 'outgrowth' (OG's) and reckoned along with
the town . Each such town together with its out-growth is treated as an integrated urban area and is designated as 'urban agglomeration'(U.A) therefore constitutes:
(i) A city or a town with a continuos outgrowth, the outgrowth being outside the statutory limits but falling within the boundaries of the adjoining villages or
(ii) Two or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths, if any as in (I) above or
(iii) A city and one or more adjoining towns with or without outgrowths all of which form a continuous spread.
The concept of urban agglomeration (U.A) was adopted for the first time in 1971 census and continued in 1981 and 1991 censuses.

Census house
Is a building or part of a building having a separate main entrance from the road or common courtyard or staircase etc, used or recognised as a separate unit. It may be occupied or vacant. It may be used for residential or non- residential purpose or both

Household
Is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them form doing so. There may be a household of persons related by blood or a household of unrelated persons of having a mix of both. Household such as boarding houses, messes, hostels, residential hostels, rescue homes, jails ashrams etc. these are called "institutional households". There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member household. For census purposes each one of these types is regarded as a 'household'.

Houseless Population
The enumeration of the houseless population was carried out in possible places where houseless population are likely to live such as on roadside pavements, in hume pipe, under staircase or in the open, temples mandaps, platforms.

Literate
A person who can both read and write with understanding in any language is taken for the purpose of census. A person, who can merely read but cannot write, is not literate. It is not necessary that a person who is literate should have received any formal education or should have passed any minimum educational standard. According to 1991 census children of age of 6 years or less have been considered as illiterates even if the child was going to school and might have picked up reading and writing a few words.

Economics activity
The 1981 census, the data of main workers were presented for the four categories viz, cultivators, agricultural labourers, household industry and other workers. Categories III, IV, V, (b) , VI to IX were clubbed together and the data were presented under the category of 'other workers. In 1991 census the data for main workers have been classified in to nine industrial as in 1971 census. The categories are: I - cultivators, II- Agricultural Labourers, III-Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, and Plantations, or orchards and allied activities, IV- mining and quarrying, V-(a) Manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in household industry, V(b) Manufacturing , processing, servicing and repair in other than household industry, VI- constructions, VII-trade and commerce, VIII- Transport, storage and communications, IX- other services.

I-Cultivators
A person was considered as cultivator if he or she was engaged either as employer, worker or family in cultivation of land owned or held from government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share of crops. Cultivation included supervision or direction of cultivation. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing and harvesting and production of cereals and millets crops.

II-Agricultural Laborers
A person who worked in another person's land for wages in cash, kind or share or crop was regarded as an agricultural labourer, working in another person's land for wages. An agricultural labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on which he worked.

V(a)Household Industry
Is an industry conducted by the household himself/herself and or members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lived in urban areas. A household industry is one that is engaged in production, processing, servicing, repairing or making and selling(but not merely selling) of goods.

Work
Is defined as participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation was physical or mental in nature. Work involved not only actual work but also effective supervision and direction or work.
It also included unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise. According to this definition, the entire population has been classified into three main categories i.e. Main workers, Marginal workers and Non- workers.

Main Workers
Are those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e. those
who were engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days or six months during the year.

Marginal workers
Are those who work during any time in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year i.e those who worked for less than 183 days or six months.

Secondary work
Any other work or secondary work was reckoned only if the person was engaged in some economically productive work. Workers could be fulltime workers or seasonal workers or marginal workers.

Non- workers
were those who had not worked any time at all in the year preceding the date of enumeration

Settlement
An establishment having specific location and occupying fixed and definite positions on the earth surface.

Human settlements
Is a habitat comprising of man made and natural environment in which man lives works, raises his family and seeks his physical spiritual and intellectual well being

Hamlet
is less than a village and consists of a dozen households and subsidiary to other settlements.

Village
Is an inhabited place larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, having a primary means of production, cohesive community, simple organisation and elementary level of amenities facilities and services

City
Is larger than a town and having a population of 100,000 and above and serving as the primate center for services and function.

Metropolis
Is an Urban conurbation having a population of one million and above with a cosmopolitan character and administered by one or more municipal corporation or local bodies.

Gross Residential Density
Residential density is calculated by taking the total resident population over the entire land area of a residential zone including all roads, parks/ playgrounds, educational institutions, facilities areas etc.

Growth Centres
These are small towns or larger villages that have the potential of becoming nuclei for the future economic, social and political development of the surrounding areas.

Gross density
It includes any kind of land utilisation, residential, circulation, public facilities etc.

Household Industry
An industry conducted by the household himself/ herself and or members of the household at home or within the village in rural area and only within the precincts of the house where the household lived in urban areas. A household industry is one that is engaged in production, processing, serving, repairing or making and selling (but not merely selling) of gods.

Image of the City
People's impressions of a building, a particular environment or a whole city, are (of course), more than visual. Within the city lie many connotations, memories, experience, hopes, crowds, places, buildings, the drama of life and death, affecting each person according to one's own predictions. From his environment, each person constructs his own mental picture of the parts of the city in physical relationship to one another. The most essential parts of an individual's image overlap and compliment those of his fellows. Hence, we can assume a collective picture of what people extract from the physical reality of a city. The extracted picture is the image of the city.

Imageability
It is the quality in a physical object, which gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in any given observer's mind. It is that shape, color, or arrangement which facilitates the making of vividly identified, powerfully structured, highly useful mental images of the environment.

Income groups
A group of people or families within the same range of incomes.

Income
The amount (measured in money) of gains from capital or labour. The amount of such gain received by a family per year may be used as an indicator of income groups.

Indigenous technology
A specific skill in or from a particular environment, for the ultimate benefit of society living in that environment.

Informal Unit
A small retail or service unit without a permanent roof, of mobile nature, rendering service without
making demands on infrastructure.

Infrastructure
It is the basic facilities, which any developed area requires to sustain the activity being carried out in it. Infrastructure may be physical or social. 1) Physical Infrastructure - (a) Water Supply (b) Sewage Disposal (c) Drainage (d) Solid Waste Disposal (e) Power Supply.
2) Social Infrastructure - (a) Health (b) Education (c) Communications (d) Security (e) Fire Safety
(f) Other facilities such as milk booths, petrol and gas stations, barat ghars, dharamshalas etc.

Land
Land includes benefits arising out of land, and things attached to earth permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth.

Land cost
The amount of money given or set as the amount to be given as consideration for the sale of a specific piece of land.

Land development
The process of making undeveloped land ready for development through the provision of utilities, services and access.

Land development cost
The cost of land development mentioned above. Land ownership
The exclusive right of control and possession of a parcel of land.
Land subdivision The division of land in blocks, lots and laying out of streets.

Land tenancy
The temporary holding or mode of holding a parcel of land of another.

Land utilisation
A qualification of the land around a dwelling unit in relation to user, physical controls and responsibility.

       Public - (street, walkways and open spaces);. User can be anyone and unlimited, physical controls          are minimum and responsibility for maintenance is on public sector.
       Semi- Public - (open spaces or parks, playgrounds and schools); User is unlimited groups of          people, physical controls - partial or complete and responsibility is on public sector as well as the          user.
       Private - (dwellings, lots); user is basically the owner or tenant or squatter, complete physical          controls, and responsibility is on the user.
       Semi-private - (cluster courts); user are the group of owners and or tenants, physical controls          partial or complete and responsibility is on the user.

Landmarks
They are a type of point references in a city or locality. They are external and the observer does not have to enter within them. They are usually a rather simply defined physical object building, sign, store or mountain. Their use involves the singling out of an element from a host of possibilities.

Land use
A broad term used to classify land according to present use and according to the suitability for future users, that is for housing or residential, open spaces and parks, commercial and industrial.

Landuse planning
It is concerned with the allocation, intensity, amount and land development required for various space using functions of the city life.

Land value
The value of land in an urban area depends primarily on its location and on the use to which it might be put. The value of property is the value, which is estimated on the basis of actual yearly sales and ………..

Layout
The plan of a design or arrangement of something that is laid out on a base.

Literate
A person who can be both read and write with understanding in any language is taken for the purpose of census. A person, who can merely read but cannot write, is not a literate. It is not necessary that a person who is literate should have received any formal education or should have passed any minimum educational standard. According to 1991 census, children of age 6 years or less have been considered
as illiterates even if the child was going to school and might have picked up reading and writing a few words.

Local government
It is that part of the government of nation which deals mainly with matters concerning the inhabitants of particular …………

Local shopping centre
A group of shops (not exceeding 75 in numbers) is serving a population of 15,000 persons.

Location
The situation or way in which something (the site) is placed in relation to its surroundings (the urban context).

Master Plan
A comprehensive long range plan intended to guide the growth and development of a city, town or region expressing official contemplation on the course its transportation, housing and community facilities should take and making proposals for industrial settlement, commence, population distribution and other aspects of growth and development. It is usually accompanied by drawings, explanatory data and prefatory apologia explaining its limitations. Few aspects of the city process are aroused for controversy than the master plan. Conceptions of what it should be to run the gamut for the future down to the simple zoning scheme. No master plan can fulfill the specification in the face of recurring changes caused by industrialisation, population shift, traffic increase, urbanisation and periodic political undulations.

Management
It is the coordination of an organised effort to attain specific goals or objectives.

Marginal worker
Workers, who work during any time in the year preceding the enumeration but do not work for a major part of the year i.e those who worked for less than 183 days or six months.

Metropolis
It is an urban conurbation having a population of one million and above with a cosmopolitan character
and administered by one or more Municipal Corporations or Local bodies.

Mortgage
A document that pledges the buyer's property as security against a loan.

Net residential density
It is calculated by taking the total resident population over the area comprising only of land under residential use, access roads and tot-lots.

Nodes
They are the points, strategic spots in a city into which are the intensive foci to and from which he is travelling. They may be primarily junctions, places of a break in transportation, a crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure to another, or the nodes may be simply concentrations, which gain their importance from being the condensation of some use of physical character as a street corner hangout or an enclosed square.

Planning
It is defined as an organized process by which a society achieves its development goals. In other words, it means to achieve development i.e. betterment of quality of life or Planning is the establishment of goals, policies and procedures for social or economic units, i.e. city.

Planning and development authorities
An agency for plan preparation, plan approval, plan enforcement and plan implementation. It also means
a Regional Planning and Development Authority, Metropolitan Planning and Development Authority or an Area Planning and Development Authority constituted under the Social planning and Development Act. It seeks to achieve expanding opportunities for raising the standards of life, of the whole population through deliberate steps initiated by the government, influencing both economic activity and physical environment when necessary to achieve the end.

Population density
The ratio between total population to the total area of a city or region or a given. It is expressed in persons per acre or hectare.

Public convenience
It is basically a derivative of the locational arrangement of land use and the relationship that the each functional use bears to every other one.

Public utilities
Comprises all those services of necessity which are required in the interest of health and convenience of the population. They include system of public transport, water supply, sewerage, storm water drainage, gas, electricity, street lighting, telephones, fire protection and such other services.

Policy
The intended purposes, mechanisms and guidelines by which programmes are carried out. Policies are usually long range commitments for which immediate programmes can vary gently.

Redensification
This refers to the increase in the floor space area of a portion to accommodate additional population for residential purposes or other urban activities as a part of the urban redevelopment or renewal
programmes for the city or the area. Often the process is applied to under-utilised segments of the inner city to limit the horizontal expansion of the city and maximise the utlisation of available infrastructure.

Residential density
Residential or housing density is the variously expressed in numbers of dwellings, households, habitable rooms or persons per acre or hectare.

Sectoral plan
It deals individually with the functional sectors of economic and social activities such as agriculture, health, industry, education and transportation. In such a plan, existing facilities in each sector, their capacity and use, travel, behavior, locational preference and numerous other kinds of information are considered specifically.

Size
It is the population and physical extent of a city.

System
It is a set of interconnected part or elements having a regularity or relationship and interdependency between each other. The interdependency between each other. The functioning of the whole complex is called system.

Urban Fabric
This refers to the manner in which urban tissues, either uniform or diverse in nature are knitted together with the urban structure to form an entity.

Urban Form
It is the collective three dimensional expression of an urban area as represented by their relationship to each other. The term built would refer to buildings, city wall, vertical towers, flyovers etc, while open spaces would include streets, courtyards, roads, parks, tot-lots, river beds etc. Size shape, grain and texture of an area are some of the characteristics which determine the nature of urban form.

Urban renewal plan
It is the legal document including maps, reports, etc that regulates renewal programmes with a view to bring about improvement in the whole physical fabric of the urban life. It is based on continuous, three pronged approaches comprising of conservation, rehabilitation and redevelopment of the program areas.